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ESG funds ✅The asset size of ESG funds has ballooned nearly five times to Rs 12,300 crore over the last couple of years. ✅Environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance have of late emerged as key themes for investors in India. ✅The demand and growth for ESG funds in Asia, especially in India, has been overwhelming, it is 32%. ● What are ESG Funds? ✅They are used synonymously with sustainable and socially responsible investing. ✅While selecting a stock for investment, an ESG fund shortlists companies that score high on environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance, and then looks at financial factors. ✅With the overall increase in awareness, and with regulations moving in this direction, investors are re-evaluating traditional approaches and considering the impact of their decisions on the planet. ✅The key difference between the ESG funds and other funds is 'conscience ' i.e the ESG fund focuses on companies with environment-friendly practices, ethi...

  COMMUNAL AWARD #Historicalbackground ◇ In August 1932, Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, announced a scheme of representation of the minorities, which came to be known as the Communal Award.  ◇ The award not only continued separate electorates for the Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans but also extended it to the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes).  ◇ Gandhiji was distressed over this extension of the principle of communal representation to the depressed classes and undertook fast unto death in Yerwada jail (Poona) to get the award modified. At last, there was an agreement between the leaders of the Congress and the depressed classes.  ◇ The agreement, known as Poona Pact, retained the Hindu joint electorate and gave reserved seats to the depressed classes.

 ✅Electronic governance or e-governance can be defined as the usage  of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the  government to provide and facilitate government services, exchange  of information, communication transactions and integration of  various stand-alone systems and services.   🔸 It is the use of technology to perform government activities and  achieve the objectives of governance.  🔹World Bank explained the E-governance as the use by government  agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks,   the Internet, and mobile computing) that can transform relations  with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.   🔸 In a fast-growing and demanding economy like India, e-governance  has become essential. The rapid growth of digitalization has led  many governments across the globe to introduce and incorporate  technology into governmental processes.

 MARITIME BORDER DISPUTE BETWEEN KENYA AND SOMALIA □ WHY IN NEWS ? In a move that is set to further undermine stability in East Africa, Kenya has said that it will not take part in proceedings of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over its maritime border dispute. □ ABOUT :- ◇ Main point of disagreement between the two neighbours is the direction in which their maritime boundary in the Indian Ocean should extend. ◇ According to Somalia, the sea border should be an extension of the same direction in which their land border runs as it approaches the Indian Ocean, i.e. towards the southeast. ◇ Kenya, on the other hand, argues that the territorial southeast border should take a 45-degree turn as it reaches the sea, and then run in a latitudinal direction, i.e. parallel to the equator. ◇ Such an arrangement would be advantageous for Kenya, whose coastline of 536 km is more than 6 times smaller than Somalia’s (3,333 km).

✅ National Human Rights Commission - The chairman and members are appointed by the President on the recommendations of  six Committee consisting of - Prime Minister as its head + The Speaker of Lok Sabha + The deputy chairman of Rajya Sabha + Leaders of opposition in both the houses of parliament and the Central home minister ✅ State Human Rights Commission The chairman and members are appointed by the Governor on the recommendations of a committee consisting of The Chief Minister as its head + The speaker of the Legislative Assembly + The state home minister + The Leader of the opposition in the Legislative Assembly (In case of state having Legislative Council, the chairman of the council would also be the members of the committee) ✅ Central Information Commission Chief Information Commissioner and other commissioners are appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting of The Prime Minister as chairperson +  The Leader of Opp...

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