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  In the depths of the ocean, at the wreckage of the Titanic, a submersible implodes, subjecting its occupants to unimaginable pressure. Within milliseconds, the sudden breach causes an explosive equalization of pressure, releasing a force equivalent to multiple kilograms of explosive. As the submersible collapses, adiabatic compression generates intense heat, vaporizing flesh and bone. The entire implosion occurs in just 50 milliseconds, far faster than the human body can register pain. The sequence of events, from crushing pressure to searing heat and violent water intrusion, happens too quickly for the brain to comprehend. Though tragic, these incidents provide valuable insights for the improvement of submersible design and regulations, reminding us of the dangers and boundless wonders of deep-sea exploration. Author Link

  COMMUNAL AWARD #Historicalbackground ◇ In August 1932, Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, announced a scheme of representation of the minorities, which came to be known as the Communal Award.  ◇ The award not only continued separate electorates for the Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans but also extended it to the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes).  ◇ Gandhiji was distressed over this extension of the principle of communal representation to the depressed classes and undertook fast unto death in Yerwada jail (Poona) to get the award modified. At last, there was an agreement between the leaders of the Congress and the depressed classes.  ◇ The agreement, known as Poona Pact, retained the Hindu joint electorate and gave reserved seats to the depressed classes.

1. India and the European Union (EU) are expected to agree on a high-level dialogue on trade and investment to restart negotiations at a virtual EU-India Summit. 2. During this summit, India and the EU are expected to conclude several agreements including a. a roadmap for cooperation, b. an agreement on research sharing for civil nuclear cooperation and c. launch a maritime security dialogue as well as negotiations between Europol and the CBI. 3. Tackling COVID-19 and its impact on the economy and the global order will be a priority on the agenda. 4. Medical developments on vaccines and treatment will be discussed along with the withdrawal of the U.S. from multilateral organisations (like the World Health Organisation), and concerns over an ‘assertive’ China. 5. The EU had welcomed India’s election to the UN Security Council next year. BTIA 1.The trade and investment dialogue is expected to give a boost to negotiations on the Bilateral Trade and Investment Agr...

Trade with China International Relations 1. The Galwan standoff has raised the demand from Indians to boycott Chinese goods including Chinese items in Indian restaurants. 2. But banning trade with China abruptly is not a good approach. A. Trade deficits 1. India has a huge trade deficit with China, but this does not mean that the Indian economy is weaker. 2. At the same time, India has a trade surplus with the US, UK. This does not imply India’s economy is stronger. 3. Trade deficits imply that India is not capable of producing the needs of its people efficiently. 4. Running huge trade deficits could be a problem if a country does not have enough forex reserves to import the goods. But India has $500 billions in its forex reserves. B. Indian producers and exporters 1. Indian producers import a huge proportion of intermediate goods such as electrical machinery, fertilizers, organic chemicals etc. 2. These imports become part of final goods that are used by India or expo...

1. India is set to take over as the next Chairperson of the World Health Organisation’s decision-making executive body 2. India will have to decide on supporting the USA’s move to reinstate Taiwan’s observer status at the World Health Assembly (WHA) that is opposed by China. 3. India’s nominee will take over as the Chairperson, replacing Japan. 4. India is likely to hold the post for the next three years. 5. The seven-nation meeting was attended by the foreign ministers of Australia, Brazil, India, Israel, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. 6. All invitees other than India are major non-NATO allies of the United States, who would be expected to support USA’s move. 7. China has been referring to the “One-China” principle as a widely accepted universal consensus of the international community including the Indian government.

Reviewing Chinese FDI 1. As China is on a buying spree at the time of coronavirus pandemic induced economic downturn, the countries are reconsidering relations with China. 2. India is one of the latest countries to join the move to resist hostile business takeovers by China. How nations are rethinking their FDI policy? 1. The European Union was among the first to tighten foreign investment rules in recent times. 2. Countries have been tightening rules on foreign investments in critical sectors to safeguard their economies from becoming vulnerable and exposed to foreign hands. 3. Australia has made all investments to come under review in future. So the government approval would be required to invest in Australia. 4. Concerned about the Chinese hostile takeovers the UK, Germany and Italy are also thinking of putting similar safeguards in place. 5. The USA has been deterring the Huawei investments and acquisitions for strategic concerns. Why is Chinese in...