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  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FDI and FPI #Stockmarket 💡 FDI is involved in setting up firms to produce goods and services. That is why it is called 'direct' institution. FPI on the other hand buys financial assets for profits. In order to remove the ambiguity that prevails on what is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and what is Foreign Institutional Investment (FII), it was decided to follow the international practice and lay down a broad principle that, where an investor has a stake of 10 percent or less in a company, it will be treated as FII and, where an investor has a stake of more than 10 percent, it will be treated as FDI. 💡 Since the source of funds is not revealed, the PNs are potentially unsafe. Therefore, SEBI imposed certain conditions like limits on the PNs that a single FII can issue, etc. SEBI wants the PN holders to register with SEBI and invest directly as India is a long-term growth story. SEBI policy paid off with the number of FIIs registering with the regulator go...

 NDTL regains the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) accreditation   ✅World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) has restored the accreditation of the National Dope Testing Laboratory (NDTL), which was suspended in 2019 because of its failure to comply with global standards. ✅The NDTL is based in the national capital and can resume testing with immediate effect. ● WADA Suspension ✅India is currently third in the WADA's global list of dope violators, led by Russia. ✅The suspension of the NDTL had prohibited it from carrying out any anti-doping activities, including all analysis of urine and blood samples. ✅The WADA first suspended NDTL in August 2019 for a period of six months and extended the de-recognition period after its inspections showed that non-conformities existed. ✅During the suspension period, urine samples collected by NADA were being sent primarily to the WADA-accredited lab in Doha. ✅The process had made the anti-doping programme very expensive for the country because of the si...

ESG funds ✅The asset size of ESG funds has ballooned nearly five times to Rs 12,300 crore over the last couple of years. ✅Environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance have of late emerged as key themes for investors in India. ✅The demand and growth for ESG funds in Asia, especially in India, has been overwhelming, it is 32%. ● What are ESG Funds? ✅They are used synonymously with sustainable and socially responsible investing. ✅While selecting a stock for investment, an ESG fund shortlists companies that score high on environment, social responsibility, and corporate governance, and then looks at financial factors. ✅With the overall increase in awareness, and with regulations moving in this direction, investors are re-evaluating traditional approaches and considering the impact of their decisions on the planet. ✅The key difference between the ESG funds and other funds is 'conscience ' i.e the ESG fund focuses on companies with environment-friendly practices, ethi...

  COMMUNAL AWARD #Historicalbackground ◇ In August 1932, Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister, announced a scheme of representation of the minorities, which came to be known as the Communal Award.  ◇ The award not only continued separate electorates for the Muslims, Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans but also extended it to the depressed classes (Scheduled Castes).  ◇ Gandhiji was distressed over this extension of the principle of communal representation to the depressed classes and undertook fast unto death in Yerwada jail (Poona) to get the award modified. At last, there was an agreement between the leaders of the Congress and the depressed classes.  ◇ The agreement, known as Poona Pact, retained the Hindu joint electorate and gave reserved seats to the depressed classes.

 ✅Electronic governance or e-governance can be defined as the usage  of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by the  government to provide and facilitate government services, exchange  of information, communication transactions and integration of  various stand-alone systems and services.   🔸 It is the use of technology to perform government activities and  achieve the objectives of governance.  🔹World Bank explained the E-governance as the use by government  agencies of information technologies (such as Wide Area Networks,   the Internet, and mobile computing) that can transform relations  with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government.   🔸 In a fast-growing and demanding economy like India, e-governance  has become essential. The rapid growth of digitalization has led  many governments across the globe to introduce and incorporate  technology into governmental processes.

  Recently, scientists have developed a  New biodegradable polymer , using  Guar Gum, and   Chitosan , which has high potential for packaging material. Key Points: About: It is a  guar gum-chitosan composite film  which is a  cross-linked polysaccharide  developed with the help of  solution casting method  (a simple technique to make polymer films). It overcomes the challenges of polysaccharides. Polysaccharides  is one of the  biopolymers with high potential for use in synthesis of packaging material. However, due to some drawbacks of polysaccharides, such as low mechanical properties, high water-solubility, and low barrier properties, they are not preferred. Guar Gum,  and  Chitosan  are polysaccharides extracted from guar beans and shells of crab and shrimps. Properties of the Film: High water stability, high mechanical strength  as well as  excellent resistance  towards harsh environmental cond...

 MARITIME BORDER DISPUTE BETWEEN KENYA AND SOMALIA □ WHY IN NEWS ? In a move that is set to further undermine stability in East Africa, Kenya has said that it will not take part in proceedings of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over its maritime border dispute. □ ABOUT :- ◇ Main point of disagreement between the two neighbours is the direction in which their maritime boundary in the Indian Ocean should extend. ◇ According to Somalia, the sea border should be an extension of the same direction in which their land border runs as it approaches the Indian Ocean, i.e. towards the southeast. ◇ Kenya, on the other hand, argues that the territorial southeast border should take a 45-degree turn as it reaches the sea, and then run in a latitudinal direction, i.e. parallel to the equator. ◇ Such an arrangement would be advantageous for Kenya, whose coastline of 536 km is more than 6 times smaller than Somalia’s (3,333 km).

  International Relations Prev First in-Person Meeting of Quad Countries           Star marking (1-5) indicates the importance of topic for CSE Tags:  GS Paper - 2 Groupings & Agreements Involving India and/or Affecting India's Interests Why in News Recently, the first in-person meeting of  Quad  leaders was hosted by the US. Issues like climate change, Covid-19 pandemic and challenges in the Indo Pacific, amidst China's growing military presence in the strategic region, were discussed in the meeting. Key Points Background: In  November 2017, India, Japan, the US and Australia gave shape to the long-pending proposal of setting up the Quad  to develop a new strategy to keep the critical sea routes in the Indo-Pacific free of any influence. China claims nearly all of the disputed  South China Sea , though Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam all claim parts of it. The South China Sea is an arm of the Western ...