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The discovery of Gravitational Waves.

वैज्ञानिकों ने अंतरिक्ष में गुरूत्वीय तरंगों कीऐतिहासिक  की:
  • वैज्ञानिकों ने 11 फरवरी 2016 को घोषणा की कि उन्होंने अंतत: उन गुरूत्वीय तरंगों की खोज कर ली है, जिसकी भविष्यवाणी महान वैज्ञानिक आइंस्टीन ने एक सदी पहले कर दी थी।
  • ब्रह्मांड में जोरदार टक्करों के कारण पैदा होने वाली इन तरंगों की खोज खगोलविदों को इसलिए उत्साहित कर रही है क्योंकि इससे ब्रह्मांड का अवलोकन उसकी क्रमबद्धता में करने का एक नया रास्ता खुल गया है।
  • इस नयी खोज में खगोलविदों ने अत्याधुनिक एवं बेहद संवेदनशील लेजर इंटरफेरोमीटर ग्रेविटेशनल वेव ऑबजर्वेटरी (लीगो) का इस्तेमाल किया, जिसकी लागत 1.1 अरब डॉलर है। लीगो की मदद से उन्होंने दूर दो ब्लैक होल के बीच हुई हालिया टक्कर में पैदा हुई गुरूत्वीय तरंग का पता लगाया।
  • गुरूत्वीय तरंगों की सबसे पहली व्याख्या आंइस्टीन ने वर्ष 1916 में अपने सापेक्षिता के सामान्य सिद्धांत के तहत की थी। ये चौथी विमा दिक्-काल में असाधारण रूप से कमजोर तरंगें हैं। जब बड़े लेकिन सघन पिंड, जैसे ब्लैक होल या न्यूट्रॉन स्टार आपस में टकराते हैं तो उनके गुरूत्व से पूरे ब्रह्मांड में तरंगे पैदा होती हैं।
  • वैज्ञानिकों को 1970 के दशक में की गई गणनाओं के आधार पर गुरूत्वीय तरंगों के अस्तित्व का अप्रत्यक्ष साक्ष्य मिला था। इस उपलब्धि को वर्ष 1993 का भौतिकी का नोबल पुरस्कार से नवाजा गया था।
  • वर्ष 1979 में, नेशनल साइंस फाउंडेशन ने तरंगों की पहचान का तरीका निकालने के लिए कैलिफोर्निया इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी और मेसाचुसेट्स इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ टेक्नोलॉजी को धन दिया था।
  • 20 साल बाद, उन्होंने वाशिंगटन के हैनफोर्ड और लुइसियाना के लिविंगटन में दो लीगो संसूचक बनाने शुरू किए। इन्हें वर्ष 2001 में सक्रिय किया गया।
  • लीगो (LIGO) प्रोजेक्ट में इंडियन साइंटिस्ट्स ने डाटा एनालिसिस समेत कई बड़े रोल निभाए। राजा रमण सेंटर फॉर एडवांस्ड टेक्नोलॉजी इंदौर, इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ प्लाज्मा रिसर्च गांधीनगर, इंटर यूनिवर्सिटी सेंटर फॉर एस्ट्रोनामी एंड एस्ट्रोफिजिक्स, पुणे सहित कई संस्थान इस प्रोजेक्ट से जुड़े थे।

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