National Movement of India: 1920 to 1930

Chauri Chaura Incident (1922)
A mob of people at Chauri Chaura (near Gorakhpur)
clashed with police and burnt 22 policemen on
February 5, 1922.
This compelled Gandhiji to withdraw the Non
Cooperation movement on Feb. 12, 1922.
Simon Commission (1927)
Constituted under John Simon, to review the political
situation in India and to introduce further reforms and
extension of parliamentary democracy.
Indian leaders opposed the commission, as there were
no Indians in it.
The Government used brutal repression and police
attacks to break the popular opposition. At Lahore, Lala
Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi-charge. He
succumbed to his injuries on Oct. 30, 1928.
Lahore Session (1929)
On Dec. 19, 1929 under the President ship of J. L.
Nehru, the INC, at its Lahore Session, declared Poorna
Swaraj (Complete independence) as its ultimate goal.
On Dec. 31, 1929, the newly adopted tri-colour flag was
unfurled and an. 26, 1930 was fixed as the First
Independence Day, was to be celebrated every year.
Revolutionary Activities
The first political murder of a European was committed
in 1897 at Poona by the Chapekar brothers, Damodar
and Balkishan. Their target was Mr. Rand, President of
the Plague Commission, but Lt. Ayerst was accidentally
shot.
In 1907, Madam Bhikaiji Cama, a Parsi revolutionary
unfurled the flag of India at Stuttgart Congress (of
Second international).
In 1908, Khudiram Bose and Prafulla chaki threw a
bomb on the carriage of kingford, the unpopular judge
of Muzaffapur. Khudiram, Kanhaiyalal Dutt and
Satyendranath Bose were hanged (Alipur Case).
In 1909, M L Dhingra shot dead Col. William Curzon
Whyllie, the political advisor of India Office in London.
In 1912, Rasbihari Bose and Sachindra Nath Sanyal
threw a bomb and Lord Hardinge at Delhi (Delhi
Conspiracy Case).
In Oct, 1924, a meeting of revolutionaries from all parts
of India was called at Kanpur. They setup Hindustan
Socialist Republic Association/Army (HSRA).
They carried out a dacoity on the Kakori bound train on
the Saharanpur-Lucknow railway line on Aug. 9, 1925.
Bhagat Singh, with his colleagues, shot dead Saunders
(Asst. S. P. Of Lahore, who ordered lathi charge on Lala
Lajpat Rai) on Dec. 17, 1928.
Then Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb
in the Central Assembly on Apr 8, 1929. Thus, he,
Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged on March. 23, 1931
at Lahore Jall (Lahore Conspiracy Case) and their
bodies cremated at Hussainiwala near Ferozepur.
In 1929 only Jatin Das died in Lahore jail after 63 days
fast to protest against horrible conditions in jail.
Surya Sen, a revolutionary of Bengal, formed the Indian
Republic Army in Bengal. In 1930, he masterminded the
raid on Chittagong armoury. He was hanged in 1933.
In 1931, Chandrashekhar Azad shot himself at Alfred
Park in Allahabad.
Dandi March (1930)
Also called the Salt Satyagraha.
Along with 78 followers, Gandhiji started his march
from Sabarmati Ashram on March 12, 1930 for the small
village Dandhi to break the salt law.
He reached the seashore on Apr. 6, 1930.
He picked a handful of salt and inaugurated the Civil
Disobedience Movement.
First Round Table conference (1930)
It was the first conference arranged between the British
and Indians as equals. It was held on Nov. 12, 1930 in
London to discuss Simon commission.
Boycotted by INC, Muslim League, Hindu Mahasabha,
Liberals and some others were there.